Herschel 400 Catalogue
The Herschel 400 catalogue is a subset of William Herschel's original deep sky catalogue of 2,500 deep sky objects, selected by Brenda F. Guzman (Branchett), Lydel Guzman, Paul Jones, James Morrison, Peggy Taylor and Sara Saey of the Ancient City Astronomy Club in St. Augustine, Florida, USA circa 1980. They decided to generate the list after reading a letter[1] published in Sky & Telescope by James Mullaney of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.[2]
In this letter Mr. Mullaney suggested that William Herschel's original catalogue of 2,500 objects would be an excellent basis for deep sky object selection for amateur astronomers looking for a challenge after completing the Messier Catalogue.
The Herschel 400 is a subset of John Herschel's General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters published in 1864 of 5,000 objects, and hence also of the New General Catalogue.
The catalogue forms the bases of the Astronomical League's Herschel 400 club.
Vital statistics
- The catalogue contains 400 objects
- All objects are from the NGC
- All visible in mid northern latitudes (they were all observed by Herschel from the UK)
- All visible in 150 mm (6") or larger telescopes
Distribution of Herschel 400 objects
Herschel 400 objects which are also Messier objects
The Herschel 400 contains a few objects which are currently considered to be part of the Messier catalogue. For example Messier never published M104 to M110[3] in his lifetime they were added in the 20th century, an explanation as to why this is appears below:
Herschel 400 objects which are also Caldwell objects
The Herschel 400 catalogue pre dates the Caldwell catalogue. The Caldwell catalogue contains the following objects which are members of the Herschel 400:[4]
Number of objects by type in the Herschel 400
Number of Herschel 400 objects in each constellation
Herschel 400 objects
Key
1-100
Messier or Caldwell ID |
NGC number |
Common name |
Picture |
Object type |
Distance to object in thousands of light years |
Constellation |
Apparent magnitude |
C2 |
NGC 40 |
Bow-Tie Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
3.5 |
Cepheus |
11 |
- |
NGC 129 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
6.5 |
- |
NGC 136 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
- |
- |
NGC 157 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.4 |
C18 |
NGC 185 |
|
|
Galaxy |
2,300 |
Cassiopeia |
9.2 |
M110 |
NGC 205 |
|
|
Galaxy |
2,200 |
Andromeda |
8 |
- |
NGC 225 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
7 |
C56 |
NGC 246 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
1.6 |
Cetus |
8 |
C62 |
NGC 247 |
|
|
Galaxy |
6,800 |
Cetus |
8.9 |
C65 |
NGC 253 |
Sculptor Galaxy/Silver Coin Galaxy |
|
Galaxy |
9,800 |
Sculptor |
7.1 |
- |
NGC 278 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cassiopeia |
10.9 |
- |
NGC 288 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
- |
Sculptor |
8.1 |
- |
NGC 381 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
9 |
- |
NGC 404 |
|
|
Galaxy |
8,000 |
Andromeda |
10.1 |
- |
NGC 436 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
8.8 |
C13 |
NGC 457 |
Owl Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
9 |
Cassiopeia |
6.4 |
- |
NGC 488 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Pisces |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 524 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Pisces |
10.6 |
C8 |
NGC 559 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.7 |
Cassiopeia |
9.5 |
- |
NGC 584 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 596 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.9 |
M33 |
NGC 598 |
Triangulum Galaxy |
|
Galaxy |
2,590 |
Triangulum |
5.7 |
- |
NGC 613 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Sculptor |
10 |
- |
NGC 615 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
11.5 |
- |
NGC 637 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
8.2 |
M76 |
NGC 650/651 |
Little Dumbbell Nebula/Barbell Nebula/Cork Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
3.4 |
Perseus |
12 |
- |
NGC 654 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
6.5 |
- |
NGC 659 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
7.9 |
C10 |
NGC 663 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
7.2 |
Cassiopeia |
7.1 |
- |
NGC 720 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.2 |
C28 |
NGC 752 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1 |
Andromeda |
5.7 |
- |
NGC 772 |
|
|
Galaxy |
130,000 |
Aries |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 779 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
11 |
C14 |
NGC 869 |
Double Cluster, Η Persei |
|
Open Cluster |
7.3 |
Perseus |
4 |
C14 |
NGC 884 |
Double Cluster, χ Persei |
|
Open Cluster |
7.4 |
Perseus |
4 |
C23 |
NGC 891 |
|
|
Galaxy |
31,000 |
Andromeda |
10 |
- |
NGC 908 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.2 |
- |
NGC 936 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.1 |
- |
NGC 1022 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
11.4 |
- |
NGC 1023 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Perseus |
9.5 |
- |
NGC 1027 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Cassiopeia |
6.7 |
- |
NGC 1052 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Cetus |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 1055 |
|
|
Galaxy |
52,000 |
Cetus |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 1084 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Eridanus |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 1245 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
8.4 |
- |
NGC 1342 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
6.7 |
- |
NGC 1407 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Eridanus |
9.8 |
- |
NGC 1444 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
6.6 |
- |
NGC 1501 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Camelopardalis |
13 |
- |
NGC 1502 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Camelopardalis |
5.7 |
- |
NGC 1513 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
8.4 |
- |
NGC 1528 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
6.4 |
- |
NGC 1535 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Eridanus |
10 |
- |
NGC 1545 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Perseus |
6.2 |
- |
NGC 1647 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Taurus |
6.4 |
- |
NGC 1664 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Auriga |
7.6 |
- |
NGC 1788 |
|
|
Nebula |
- |
Orion |
- |
- |
NGC 1817 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Taurus |
7.7 |
- |
NGC 1857 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Auriga |
7 |
- |
NGC 1907 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Auriga |
8.2 |
- |
NGC 1931 |
|
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
- |
Auriga |
11.3 |
- |
NGC 1961 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Camelopardalis |
11.1 |
- |
NGC 1964 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Lepus |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 1980 |
|
|
Nebula |
- |
Orion |
- |
- |
NGC 1999 |
|
|
Nebula |
1.5 |
Orion |
- |
- |
NGC 2022 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Orion |
12 |
- |
NGC 2024 |
Flame Nebula |
|
Nebula |
0.9 - 1.5 |
Orion |
- |
- |
NGC 2126 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Auriga |
10 |
- |
NGC 2129 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
6.7 |
- |
NGC 2158 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.6 |
Gemini |
8.6 |
- |
NGC 2169 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Orion |
5.9 |
- |
NGC 2185 |
|
|
Nebula |
- |
Monoceros |
- |
- |
NGC 2186 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Orion |
8.7 |
- |
NGC 2194 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Orion |
8.5 |
- |
NGC 2204 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Canis Major |
8.6 |
- |
NGC 2215 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
8.4 |
- |
NGC 2232 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
3.9 |
C50 |
NGC 2244 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
4.9 |
Monoceros |
4.8 |
- |
NGC 2251 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
7.3 |
- |
NGC 2264 |
Cone Nebula/Christmas Tree Cluster |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
2.6 |
Monoceros |
3.9 |
- |
NGC 2266 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
10 |
- |
NGC 2281 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Auriga |
5.4 |
- |
NGC 2286 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
7.5 |
- |
NGC 2301 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
6 |
- |
NGC 2304 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
10 |
- |
NGC 2311 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
10 |
- |
NGC 2324 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
8.4 |
- |
NGC 2335 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
7.2 |
- |
NGC 2343 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
6.7 |
- |
NGC 2353 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Monoceros |
7.1 |
- |
NGC 2354 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Canis Major |
6.5 |
- |
NGC 2355 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
10 |
C58 |
NGC 2360 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
4 |
Canis Major |
7.2 |
C64 |
NGC 2362 |
Tau Canis Majoris Cluster |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
5.1 |
Canis Major |
4.1 |
- |
NGC 2371 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Gemini |
13 |
- |
NGC 2372 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Gemini |
- |
C39 |
NGC 2392 |
Eskimo Nebula/Clown Face Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
4 |
Gemini |
10 |
- |
NGC 2395 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
8 |
C7 |
NGC 2403 |
|
|
Galaxy |
14,000 |
Camelopardalis |
8.4 |
C25 |
NGC 2419 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
275 |
Lynx |
10.4 |
101-200
Messier or Caldwell ID |
NGC number |
Common name |
Picture |
Object type |
Distance to object in thousands of light years |
Constellation |
Apparent magnitude |
- |
NGC 2420 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Gemini |
8.3 |
- |
NGC 2421 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
8.3 |
M47 |
NGC 2422 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.6 |
Puppis |
4.4 |
- |
NGC 2423 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
6.7 |
- |
NGC 2438 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
2.9 |
Puppis |
10 |
- |
NGC 2440 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
- |
Puppis |
11 |
- |
NGC 2479 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
10 |
- |
NGC 2482 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
7.3 |
- |
NGC 2489 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
7.9 |
C54 |
NGC 2506 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
10 |
Monoceros |
7.6 |
- |
NGC 2509 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
9 |
- |
NGC 2527 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
6.5 |
- |
NGC 2539 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
6.5 |
M48 |
NGC 2548 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.5 |
Hydra |
5.8 |
- |
NGC 2567 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
7.4 |
- |
NGC 2571 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Puppis |
7 |
- |
NGC 2613 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Pyxis |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 2627 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
- |
Pyxis |
8 |
- |
NGC 2655 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Camelopardalis |
10.1 |
- |
NGC 2681 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 2683 |
|
|
Galaxy |
16,000 |
Lynx |
9.7 |
- |
NGC 2742 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11.7 |
- |
NGC 2768 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10 |
C48 |
NGC 2775 |
|
|
Galaxy |
55,000 |
Cancer |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 2782 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Lynx |
11.5 |
- |
NGC 2787 |
|
|
Galaxy |
25,000 |
Ursa Major |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 2811 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Hydra |
11.3 |
- |
NGC 2841 |
|
|
Galaxy |
31,000 |
Ursa Major |
9.3 |
- |
NGC 2859 |
|
|
Galaxy |
23000 |
Leo Minor |
10.7 |
- |
NGC 2903 |
|
|
Galaxy |
20500 |
Leo |
8.9 |
- |
NGC 2950 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11 |
- |
NGC 2964 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11.3 |
- |
NGC 2974 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Sextans |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 2976 |
|
|
Galaxy |
12,000 |
Ursa Major |
10.2 |
- |
NGC 2985 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.5 |
M82 |
NGC 3034 |
Cigar Galaxy |
|
Galaxy |
11000 |
Ursa Major |
8.4 |
- |
NGC 3077 |
|
|
Galaxy |
12,000 |
Ursa Major |
9.9 |
- |
NGC 3079 |
|
|
Galaxy |
50,000 |
Ursa Major |
10.6 |
C53 |
NGC 3115 |
Spindle Galaxy |
|
Galaxy |
22,000 |
Sextans |
9.2 |
- |
NGC 3147 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Draco |
10.7 |
- |
NGC 3166 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Sextans |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 3169 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Sextans |
10.5 |
- |
NGC 3184 |
|
|
Galaxy |
25000 |
Ursa Major |
9.8 |
- |
NGC 3190 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11 |
- |
NGC 3193 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.9 |
- |
NGC 3198 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 3226 |
|
|
Galaxy |
58700 |
Leo |
11.4 |
- |
NGC 3227 |
|
|
Galaxy |
58,700 |
Leo |
10.8 |
C59 |
NGC 3242 |
Ghost of Jupiter |
|
Planetary Nebula |
1 |
Hydra |
9 |
- |
NGC 3245 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3277 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
11.7 |
- |
NGC 3294 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
11.7 |
- |
NGC 3310 |
|
|
Galaxy |
50,000 |
Ursa Major |
10.9 |
- |
NGC 3344 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
10 |
- |
NGC 3377 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.2 |
M105 |
NGC 3379 |
|
|
Galaxy |
38,000 |
Leo |
9.3 |
- |
NGC 3384 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10 |
- |
NGC 3395 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
12.1 |
- |
NGC 3412 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 3414 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3432 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
11.3 |
- |
NGC 3486 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 3489 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 3504 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo Minor |
11.1 |
- |
NGC 3521 |
|
|
Galaxy |
30,000 |
Leo |
8.9 |
M108 |
NGC 3556 |
|
|
Galaxy |
45000 |
Ursa Major |
10.1 |
- |
NGC 3593 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11 |
- |
NGC 3607 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10 |
- |
NGC 3608 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11 |
- |
NGC 3610 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3613 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
12 |
- |
NGC 3619 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
13 |
- |
NGC 3621 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Hydra |
10 |
C40 |
NGC 3626 |
|
|
Galaxy |
86,000 |
Leo |
10.9 |
- |
NGC 3628 |
|
|
Galaxy |
35,000 |
Leo |
9.5 |
- |
NGC 3631 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 3640 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.3 |
- |
NGC 3655 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11.6 |
- |
NGC 3665 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3675 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11 |
- |
NGC 3686 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11.4 |
- |
NGC 3726 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 3729 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11.4 |
- |
NGC 3810 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3813 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11.7 |
- |
NGC 3877 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
12 |
- |
NGC 3893 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11 |
- |
NGC 3898 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.8 |
- |
NGC 3900 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
11.4 |
- |
NGC 3912 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Leo |
13 |
- |
NGC 3938 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.4 |
- |
NGC 3941 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
11 |
- |
NGC 3945 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 3949 |
|
|
Galaxy |
50,000 |
Ursa Major |
11 |
- |
NGC 3953 |
|
|
Galaxy |
56,000 |
Ursa Major |
10.1 |
- |
NGC 3962 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Crater |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 3982 |
|
|
Galaxy |
67000 |
Ursa Major |
12 |
M109 |
NGC 3992 |
|
|
Galaxy |
55,000 |
Ursa Major |
9.8 |
- |
NGC 3998 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
10.6 |
- |
NGC 4026 |
|
|
Galaxy |
- |
Ursa Major |
12 |
201-300
301-400
See also
References
External links